Composition of Chinese automotive lubricating oil

Lubricating oil generally consists of two parts: base oil and additives. Base oil is the main component of lubricating oil, which determines the basic properties of lubricating oil. Additives can compensate for and improve the shortcomings of base oil performance, endow certain new properties, and are an important component of lubricating oil.

Base oil

Lubricating oil base oils are mainly divided into three categories: mineral base oils, synthetic base oils, and bio base oils. Mineral base oils are widely used and require a large amount (over 95%), but in some applications, products blended with synthetic base oils and bio based base oils must be used, which has led to the rapid development of these two types of base oils.

Mineral oil base oil is refined from crude oil. The main production processes of lubricating oil base oil include atmospheric and vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing, and clay or hydrogenation supplementary refining. In 1995, the current lubricant base oil standards in China were revised, mainly by modifying the classification method and adding two special base oil standards for low pour point and deep refining. The most important thing in the production of mineral lubricating oil is to choose the best crude oil.

The chemical composition of mineral base oil includes high boiling point, high molecular weight hydrocarbons, and non hydrocarbon mixtures. Its composition is generally composed of alkanes (straight chain, branched chain, multi branched chain), cycloalkanes (single ring, double ring, multi ring), aromatics (single ring aromatics, multi ring aromatics), cycloalkyl aromatics, as well as oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing organic compounds and non hydrocarbon compounds such as resins and asphaltenes. Biobased oils (vegetable oils) are becoming increasingly popular as they can be biodegraded and rapidly reduce environmental pollution. Synthetic lubricants have excellent low-temperature performance, good lubrication performance, and long service life, making them suitable for environments such as high loads, high speeds, high vacuum, high-energy radiation, and strong oxidizing media. Due to the fact that all industrial enterprises in the world are seeking measures to reduce environmental pollution, and this "natural" lubricating oil has this characteristic, although the cost of vegetable oil is high, the increased cost is enough to offset the environmental treatment costs brought about by using other mineral oils and synthetic lubricants. Classification based on the properties and processing technology of crude oil

Divided into paraffin based base oil, intermediate based base oil, and cycloalkane based base oil